lesson 1academic writing & critical thinking1、read the following passage about zoos and answer the questions. zoos have existed in some form since at least 2500 bc in egypt and mesopotamia, where records indicate giraffes, bears, dolphins, and other animals were kept by aristocrats. the oldest still operating zoo in the world, tiergarten schönbrunn in vienna, opened in 1752. although controversy has historically surrounded zoos, from debates over displaying "exotic" humans in exhibits to zookeepers not knowing what to feed animals, i do believe that zoos should exist. ①in my opinion, zoos are important institutions that promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction. first of all, zoos produce helpful scientific research. since so many diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans, such as ebola and the bird flu, zoos frequently conduct disease surveillance research in wildlife populations and their own captive populations that can lead to a direct impact on human health. take the zoos in the united stated as an example. in 2017, 173 accredited us zoos spent $25 million on research, studied 485 species and subspecies of animals, worked on 1,280 research projects, and published 170 research manuscripts. ②zoos can also educate the public about animals and conservation efforts. according to a study of 26 zoos worldwide published in conservation biology, visitors to zoos increased their knowledge of biodiversity and specific individual actions to protect biodiversity. robin ganzert, phd, president and ceo of american humane, once stated, "zoos provide people, especially impressionable children, with the opportunity to see these remarkable animals up close. people won't protect what they don't love, and they can't love what they don't know.” ③it is zoos that give people the chance to appreciate the animals from different corners of the world in real life. in addition, zoos help save species from extinction and other dangers. according to records, there were only nine california condors in the wild in 1985. ④however, a joint conservation effort between the san diego and los angeles zoos with other organizations resulted in a population of 276 california condors in the wild and another 170 in captivity by 2016. the truth is that zoos are working to save polar bears, tigers, and wild african elephants from habitat loss, apes and rhinos from poachers, dolphins and whales from hunters, and bees and butterflies from population declines, among many other efforts to help many other animals. in conclusion, zoos do bring a lot of benefits to mankind and thus have a reason to exist. no matter in the promotion of scientific research and public education or in the save of animals from extinction, they have indeed made a huge difference. 1. what is the main argument of the author?
a、zoos should exist.
b、zoos help save species from extinction and other dangers.
c、zoos can promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.
d、zoos should exist because they can help promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.
2、which point of view has the author adopted in this article?
a、the first person point of view.
b、the second person point of view.
c、the third person point of view.
d、there is no consistent point of view.
3、which of the four underlined sentences is a fact instead of an opinion?
a、①in my opinion, zoos are important institutions that promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.
b、②zoos can also educate the public about animals and conservation efforts.
c、③it is zoos that give people the chance to appreciate the animals from different corners of the world in real life.
d、④however, a joint conservation effort between the san diego and los angeles zoos with other organizations resulted in a population of 276 california condors in the wild and another 170 in captivity by 2016.
4、if you want to do some further research about the benefits of zoos, you may need to read the following articles except ______.
a、something mysterious is killing captive gorillas
b、ten endangered species saved from extinction by zoos
c、conservation success stories in aza-accredited zoos and aquariums
d、why zoos and aquariums matter: assessing the impact of a visit to a zoo or aquarium
reflections on academic writing1、write a short essay of around 300 words reflecting on your understanding of academic writing. talk about why you decided to take this course, what you thought about academic writing before you started the course, and what you have learned about academic writing now that you have completed the first lesson.
lesson 2expository and persuasive essay writing1、if you are going to tell people how to make a mosaic stained glass window, which type of writing would you probably choose?
a、expository writing.
b、descriptive writing.
c、persuasive writing.
d、narrative writing.
2、which of the following articles is most likely to be persuasive writing?
a、how to grow potatoes in a bag
b、cuba starts rationing food and other products
c、textbooks should never be replaced by tablets in k-12 schools
d、japanese universities to hire non-smoking staff only
3、you may use persuasive writing for the following purposes except ______.
a、to write a letter of recommendation
b、to convince people of the benefits of a certain product
c、to write news stories
d、to defend your opinions in a book review
4、decide if the following paragraph is persuasive writing. garbage collectors in the turkish capital ankara are recycling the books they find in the trash. they have created a mobile library which is full of books that people have thrown away. the over 9,000 books are divided into 20 categories, including politics, philosophy, drama, thrillers, romance and history. the garbage collectors hope to create a greater passion for reading books in children, especially in the age of mobile phones and tablets.
5、decide if the following paragraph is persuasive writing. the multiple-choice format used on standardized tests is an inadequate assessment tool. it encourages a simplistic way of thinking in which there are only right and wrong answers, which doesn't apply in real-world situations. the format is also biased toward male students, who studies have shown adapt more easily to the game-like point scoring of multiple-choice questions.
6、decide if the following paragraph is persuasive writing. abortion should not be legalized since life begins at conception and thus unborn babies are human beings with a right to life. upon fertilization, a human individual is created with a unique genetic identity that remains unchanged throughout his or her life. this individual has a fundamental right to life, which must be protected.
write an expository essay on the applications of information technology1、write an expository essay of around 300 words on the topic of "the applications of information technology in the economic activities of our society". you need to specify which econominc activity or activities you are focusing on, how the information technology is applied, and the changes in people's lives that are brought about by the applications.
lesson 3writing conclusions1、there are basically six different information elements that may appear in the conclusion of academic essays: a. original question and hypothesis b. review of major findings c. explanation for findings d. limitations e. implications f. further research applications read the following sentences and decide which type of information each sentence expresses. fill in each blank with a letter that corresponds to the type of information expressed in the sentence. for example, you will write "a" if the sentence indicates the original question or hypothesis, or "b" if it is a review of major findings. 1. a control group was not available and only two measures were taken in assessing changes in satisfaction.
2、this study suggests that reactions to driving situations are not fully determined by the objective facts.
3、the findings of this research raise three general issues for future consideration.
4、this research was aimed at finding out why so many people believe political manoeuver is common.
5、we have seen that e-mail is both the product as well as a powerful medium for human action.
6、the small scale of this study requires particular caution in interpreting these findings.
7、the findings of this study support the basic premise that the lexicon is an integral component in the construction of meaningful written text.
8、the theory led us to infer that older workers would have poorer performance than younger workers.
write an expository essay on the problems of drug use in some western countries1、write an expository essay of around 300 words on the problems of drug use in some western countries. make sure you have an introductory paragraph, a concluding paragraph, and at least 3 body paragraphs. you should write your introductory and concluding paragraphs as instructed in the micro-lectures.
lesson 4using evidence1、suppose you think animals should not be used for scientific testing. which of the following evidence best supports your argument?
a、experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics.
b、according to humane society international, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation.
c、because animals and humans are so biologically similar, they are susceptible to many of the same conditions and illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
d、when testing medicines for potential toxicity, the lives of human volunteers should not be put in danger unnecessarily.
2、suppose you are writing an essay on gun control. which two of the following sources might be the most relevant papers to your research?
a、guns don’t kill people, people kill people
b、does illegal immigration disadvantage american workers?
c、do more guns mean more deaths and injuries?
d、leading causes of death in america
incorporating sources1、read the following paragraph about animal testing and answer the questions. many people believe that animal testing should not be forbidden since it has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. the california biomedical research association states that nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals. for example, experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics. chris abee, director of the university of texas m.d. anderson cancer center's animal research facility, states that "we wouldn't have a vaccine for hepatitis b without chimpanzees," and says that the use of chimps is "our best hope" for finding a vaccine for hepatitis c, a disease that kills thousands of americans annually. 1. how many sources are cited?
a、one.
b、two.
c、three.
d、zero.
2、what is the main method the author adopted to incorporate the evidence from chris abee into the argument?
a、summarizing.
b、paraphrasing.
c、using direct quote.
d、interpreting.
write an expository essay on animal attractioin1、write an expository essay of around 300 words on the topic of "different animals attract their mates in different ways". you need to cite from at least 3 different sources. you need to include source information, introduce the cited content and build connections among the citations. also remember to write an introductory and a concluding paragraph.
lesson 5patterns of organization-11、suppose you are writing an essay to introduce the development of genetically modified food. which of the following patterns of organization might be the best for your topic?
a、sequential pattern.
b、cause-effect pattern.
c、chronological pattern.
d、problem-solution pattern.
patterns of organization-21、read the following article about whether recreational marijuana should be legalized and answer the questions. more than half of us adults, over 128 million people, have tried marijuana, despite it being an illegal drug under federal law. nearly 600,000 americans are arrested for marijuana possession annually--more than one person per minute. public support for legalizing marijuana went from 12% in 1969 to 66% today. starting with colorado and washington in 2012, recreational marijuana, also known as adult-use marijuana, has been legalized by ten states in the us. however, in spite of all these benefits that proponents have claimed, i still believe that the legalization of recreational marijuana will bring many problems. first of all, legalizing marijuana will do much harm to the teenagers. the percentage of 12- to 17-year-olds using marijuana is higher in every legal marijuana state than the national average. compared to adults, teenagers are especially vulnerable to the side effects of marijuana because human brains are not fully developed until around age 25 (four years past the legal age in states that allow recreational marijuana). the american academy of pediatrics said that adverse effects of teen marijuana use include "impaired short-term memory and decreased concentration, attention span, and problem solving, which clearly interfere with learning. alterations in motor control, coordination, judgment, reaction time, and tracking ability have also been documented; these may contribute to unintentional deaths and injuries." secondly, marijuana use harms more than just the person using the drug. societal costs of marijuana use include paying for increased emergency room visits, medical care, and addiction treatment for the uninsured; more victims of drugged driving accidents; increased crime; and a negative impact on health from secondhand smoke. as it was, legalized marijuana creates steep costs for society and taxpayers that far outweigh its tax revenues. (1) which pattern of organization is adopted in this article?
a、sequential pattern.
b、cause-effect pattern.
c、chronological pattern.
d、problem-solution pattern.
2、(2) this article has not been finished yet. if you were the author, you might do the following things except________.
a、adding a conclusion
b、introducing a counter argument
c、proving more evidence about the adverse effects of marijuana
d、explaining why so many people support the legalization of creational marijuana
write an essay using the comparison and contrast pattern.1、write an essay of around 300 words comparing the practices of drinking tea and coffee. what are some of the similarities and difference between the two practices in terms of their practical and social functions?
lesson 6quoting and paraphrasing1、choose the best paraphrase for the following source: more than 300 historians reacted by signing an open letter to the guardian newspaper in which they said: "as historians of britain and of europe, we believe that britain has had, in the past, and will have in the future, an irreplaceable role to play in europe." (“history may make sense of the brexit years”-china daily)
a、many historians in the uk are in favor of remaining in the european union and over 300 of them signed an open letter to the guardian about britain's significant place in europe.
b、over 300 historians signed an open letter to the guardian, claiming that britain has always been having an irreplaceable role to play in europe.
c、historians claimed that they believed that britain had always been playing an irreplaceable role in europe.
d、according to a report from china daily, more than 300 historians signed an open letter to the guardian newspaper in which they said: "as historians of britain and of europe, we believe that britain has had, in the past, and will have in the future, an irreplaceable role to play in europe."
2、choose the best paraphrase for the following source: "instant starbucks coffee can only be bought at starbucks coffee shops and its official online shop at tmall," a staff member at the starbuck's shop at beijing's solana center told china daily on tuesday. (“counterfeit starbucks coffee found; fake cat mugs discovered in jiangsu”-china daily)
a、a starbucks employee said that the authentic instant coffee of starbucks could only be bought at starbucks coffee shops and its tmall official online store.
b、according to a starbucks employee, instant starbucks coffee is not accessible at any place except its own physical coffee shops and tmall official online store.
c、a staff member at the starbuck's shop told china daily that instant starbucks coffee could only be bought at starbucks coffee shops and its official online shop at tmall.
d、it is reported that counterfeit starbucks coffee has been found in many supermarkets.
avoiding plagiarism1、which of the following is true about quoting?
a、you can edit the original meaning of the quote so as to better organize your ideas.
b、a theory of specific discipline should also be properly cited even if your readers are familiar with it.
c、you should explain why it is relevant to your own research before or after you use a quotation.
d、you can leave out the author’s name when writing direct quotations as long as you put the source in your “works cited”.
2、in order to avoid plagiarism, what needs to be credited if you want to incorporate sources into your essay?
a、ideas presented in a magazine.
b、information gained in an interview.
c、diagrams in a journal article.
d、traditional theories of a discipline.
write an essay using the cause and effect pattern.1、write an essay of around 300 words discussing some of the causes and effects of plagiarism in universities.
lesson 7paragraph unity and coherence, transitions, emphatic devices1、read the following paragraph about regional languages and answer the questions: ① the importance of regional language may increase in the near future. ② popular writers, itinerant merchants, bazaar marketers, literacy advocates, relief workers, filmmakers, and missionaries all tend to bank on regional lingua francas whenever there is an opportunity to reach larger, even if less affluent, populations. ③ in many developing areas, it is regional languages that facilitate agricultural, industrial, and commercial expansion across local cultural and governmental boundaries. ④ they also foster literacy and formal adult or even elementary education in highly multilingual areas. ⑤ consider the case of africa, where some 2, 000 of the modern world's approximately 6, 000 languages are spoken and 13 percent of the world's population lives. ⑥ english is neither the only nor even the best means to navigate this linguistic obstacle course. ⑦ throughout east africa, swahili is typically the first language that two strangers attempt upon meeting. ⑧ the average east african encounters it in a variety of contexts, from the market, elementary education, and government "how to" publications, to popular radio programming and films. ⑨ new movies from india are often dubbed in swahili and shown in towns and villages throughout kenya, tanzania, and uganda. ⑩ thus, wherever the local vernaculars are just too many to handle, regional languages often come to the fore. 1. which is the topic sentence of this paragraph?
a、①
b、②
c、③
d、⑩
2、what kind of reference word is used in the fourth sentence to help connect the sentences together?
a、personal pronoun.
b、possessive pronoun.
c、demonstrative.
d、comparative.
3、what does the word “it” in the eighth sentence refer to?
a、linguistic obstacle.
b、local vernacular.
c、english.
d、swahili.
4、what kind of emphatic device is used in the third sentence?
a、the passive voice.
b、contrast.
c、repetition.
d、cleft sentence.
5、in the last sentence, the transitional expression “thus” is used to ____ and can be replaced by ____.
a、show cause and effect; as a result
b、counter; nevertheless
c、conclude; as noted above
d、indicate order; finally
write an essay using the problem-solution pattern.1、write an essay of around 300 words discussing the problem that more and more cities are surrounded by the garbage produced by their residents. you should use the problem-solution pattern to structure your essay and pay attention to the unity and coherence of your writing.
lesson 8describing tables and graphs1、what does the table measure?
a、different leisure activities of people in someland.
b、how people of different age groups in someland spend their leisure time.
c、the popularity of “watching tv/videos” among all age groups in someland.
d、the decrease of social lives when people age in someland.
2、which of the following statements is not true about this table?
a、all age groups in someland spend a large amount of time watching tv or videos.
b、as people age, an increasing number of them like socializing with 4 or less people.
c、group exercise is the least popular leisure activity for people in their 60s.
d、people in their 70s spend more time in cinema than those in their 60s.
working with thesis statements1、if you are writing a paper to state the reasons why students should wear uniforms at school, which one of the following is the best thesis statement?
a、students should wear uniforms at school because uniforms may probably make schools safer for students, and children can focus on their studies rather than their clothes.
b、students should not wear school uniforms since they infringe upon students' right to express their individuality.
c、students should wear uniforms at school because uniforms make schools safer for students, create a "level playing field" that reduces socioeconomic disparities, and encourage children to focus on their studies rather than their clothes.
d、school uniforms are necessary for students since they can encourage children to focus on their studies rather than their clothes.
write an essay using the topical pattern.1、write an essay of around 350 words on the topic of "travel as part of a well-rounded education." you should explain what is meant by the topic and why travel should be part of a well-rounded education. pay attention to the overall structure, as well as the unity and coherence of your essay.
lesson 9apa & mla format1、apa format is widely used in writing research papers of liberal arts and humanities.
2、in mla format, the page number should always be included within the text for reference no matter it is an indirect or direct quote.
3、no matter you are using the apa format or the mla format, all the works you cite in the text should be listed at the end of your paper.
4、if you are citing a work with two authors, you are supposed to name both authors in a signal phrase or in parentheses no matter in apa or mla format.
5、if you are citing a work with three authors, you should name all authors in a signal phrase or in parentheses no matter in apa or mla format.
6、if the author is unknown, you can cite the source by its title, but make sure the title is complete in case of confusion.
7、in the references of apa format, the year of publication should be put in parentheses right after the author’s name, while in mla format, the publication date is put at the end of the works cited entry.
8、you do not need to write the full name of the authors in the references or works cited but only the authors’ last name and their initials.
9、no matter in apa format or mla format, if the source is a book, its title should be italicized in the references/works cited entry.
10、if the book cited is an edited collection, you should write the word “editor” right behind the editor’s name in the works cited entry of mla format and “(ed.)” in the references entry of apa format.
write an argumentative essay. (1)1、write an essay of around 350 words discussing "whether people should fear artificial intelligence”. you should take either the affirmative or negative stance and explain why you believe so. state your position explicitly in both the thesis statement and the conclusion and make sure you provide sufficient and specific evidence to support your argument. when you borrow ideas from outside sources, make sure you paraphrase other people’s ideas in your own words and credit each citation properly.
lesson 10features of academic writing1、which of the following statements is not true about clarity in academic writing?
a、it is better to use simple language and avoid sentence structures that are too complicated.
b、it is necessary to keep a balance between abstraction and concreteness because too many abstract words may confuse readers.
c、nouns are more formal than verbs, so writers should not use too many verbs.
d、complex phrases are usually difficult to read and thus may not communicate ideas effectively.
2、which of the following statements is most precise in introducing the economic development of china?
a、the economy of china advanced 6.4 percent year-on-year in the march quarter of 2019, slightly above market expectations of a 6.3 percent expansion.
b、gdp of china advanced almost the same in the march quarter of 2019 as in the previous quarter.
c、the growth rate of china’s gdp has been remaining above 6 percent this year.
d、china’s gdp advanced 6.4 percent year-on-year in the march quarter of 2019, the same pace as in the previous quarter but slightly above market expectations of a 6.3 percent expansion.
3、expressions such as “mutual cooperation”, “future prospects”, “further enhance”, and “continue to remain” are not _____ enough.
a、concise
b、precise
c、formal
d、clear
4、modal auxiliary verbs such as “may” and “might” can be used in academic writing for the following purposes except “________”.
a、toning down strong statements to reduce the risk of opposition
b、avoiding overstatements in making claims
c、helping the author to establish authority
d、decreasing the impoliteness brought forth by disagreeing with other researchers
5、in order to increase the formality of writing, the verbal phrase “come up with” can be replaced by________.
a、put forward
b、propose
c、figure out
d、present
write an argumentative essay. (2)1、write an essay of around 400 words in response to the claim that "the chinese government should provide free health care to all the citizens”. you can discuss both the benefits and harms of the provision of free health care for all. but you should also state your preference and give reasons to support your argument. make sure you follow the conventions of academic writing we have discussed so far in this course.
lesson 11revising and editing sentences1、“although human beings have made much progress in gender equality, there is still a long way to go if the real equality is to be achieved. for some sex discrimination is so deeply-rooted that some people are unaware of its existence.” which of the following statements is not true of the above text?
a、the second sentence is not complete.
b、“for” is used to indicate reasons.
c、the sentence would be correct if “for” is replaced with “because”.
d、“for” is a conjunction and should be used to join two sentences instead of leading a single independent sentence.
2、proponents of social networking sites say that the online communities promote interaction with friends and family, facilitate social and political changes and __________.
a、can be used to disseminate useful information rapidly
b、useful information can also be disseminated rapidly
c、spread false and potentially dangerous information
d、disseminate useful information rapidly
3、professor chen as well as his colleagues ________ that there should be more after-class activities for primary school students.
a、believes
b、believe
c、has believed
d、have believed
4、________ from the top of the mountain, the lake looks just like a bright mirror.
a、seeing
b、seen
c、to see
d、if seeing
5、although located far away from downtown, ________.
a、this restaurant is attractive to many people
b、many people are attracted by this restaurant
c、there are many people dining at this restaurant
d、it is enjoyable to have a meal at this restaurant
6、“illnesses, including rubella, smallpox and polio, are now prevented by vaccination and millions of children’s lives are saved. ________, adverse reactions to vaccines are extremely rare.” in order to make the text more coherent, the following phrases can be added between the two sentences except________.
a、at the same time
b、what’s more
c、however
d、besides
term-paper writingterm-paper writing1、write a paper of around 1500 words in response to the following question: “is online education a threat to schools and universities?” you can start by describing the recent developments in online education and how it is changing the traditional school and university education. then you can provide your answer to the question of whether online education is a threat to schools and universities. make sure you have sufficient and specific evidence to support your argument and you are following the conventions of academic writing in terms of the structure, format (apa or mla style) and language of the paper. your submission should include: 1. title 2. abstract (around 150 words) 3. two to four key words 4. main body of the essay 5. “list of references” or “works cited” please compose your paper as a word document and submit it here as attachment.
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