第二章 smog，photochemical smog，global warming2.1 the atmosphere of the earth随堂测验1、1. the gas with maximum percentage in the atmosphere is .(nitrogen / oxygen)
2、2. the beautiful scenes, such as rainbows and sunset clouds, originate from the of the earth.(mesosphere / atmosphere)
3、3. as to the atmosphere, we pay mainly attention to the troposphere and .(stratosphere / mesosphere)
2.2 air pollution随堂测验1、1. air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive including gases, particles, and biological molecules are introduced into the earth's atmosphere.(quantities of substances / quantities of smog)
2、2. smog usually forms when smoke from pollution mixes with . (rain / fog)
3、3. each of the cloud droplets forms on a particle and scientists call a collection of particles an . (aerosol / lyosol)
2.3 photochemical smog随堂测验1、1. (so2 / nitrogen oxides) are produced mainly by the process of exhaust emissions from automobiles and jet engines.
2、2. volatile organic (vocs) are organic chemicals that form a gas at room temperature. (compounds / complexes)
3、3. smog consists of pollutants that participate in chemical reactions introduced by sunlight, nox ozone and hydrocarbons. (photochemical / photophysical)
2.4 ozone随堂测验1、1. the wavelength range of uv-a is . (320 nm-400 nm / 420 nm-500 nm)
2、2. is a radiation that has a high energy and can break the chemical bond.(infrared ray / ultraviolent)
3、3. the role of ozone in the stratosphere is to block high-energy rays from reaching the earth.(ultraviolet / infrared)
2.5 global warming随堂测验1、1. the manifestation of global warming contains glacier melting, sea level rising and increase .(humidity / temperature)
2、2. greenhouse gases are the gases absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, which cause the . (green chemistry /greenhouse effect)
3、3. all of the greenhouse gases can absorb the . (ir radiation / ultraviolet)
2.6 prevent global warming随堂测验1、1. the core issue of preventing global warming is to control and reduce the concentration of gases in the atmosphere. (greenhouse / green chemistry)
2、2. the most effective way to prevent global warming is to reduce emissions. (carbon dioxide / nitrogen dioxide)
3、3. eating vegetarian meals and locally produced foods can reduce , which can reduce co2 emission. (transmission / transportation)
2.7 acid rain随堂测验1、1. generally, the ph value of acid rain is .(3-5 / 4-6)
2、2. the main substances forming acid rain are . (sox and nox / sox and cox)
3、3. healthy lakes have a ph around 6.5. when the ph below , the various species are affected in lakes and streams. (6.0 / 5.0)
2.8 the methods to reduce acid rain随堂测验1、1. in order to prevent the decrease of ph value of natural water, can be added to the water. (caco3 / cao)
2、2. before burning, we use the traditional method for the desulfurization of the coals. (physicochemical / chemical)
3、3. after burning, we use the method for the desulfurization of the coals. (flue gas desulfurization / flue aerosol desulfurization)
smog，photochemical smog，global warming1、90% of the atmosphere is located in . (stratosphere / troposphere)
2、the percent by volume larger than the average value in the atmosphere is called . (wastes / pollutions)
3、refers to the return of 84% of the energy radiated from the surface of the earth.(green chemistry / global greenhouse effect)
4、, such as ash, soot, metal oxides and even sea salts, play a major role in air pollution.(solid particles / liquid particles)
5、generally, smog exists at the , where industrial and human activities.(urban areas / village areas)
6、aerosols are usually solids, though some are tiny .(droplets of liquid / aerosol of liquid)
7、according to the cause of formation, smog can be divided into industrial smog and smog.(photophysical / photochemical)
8、in aerosols, sunlight splits no2 into .(no and atomic oxygen / oxygen and atomic n)
9、and oxygenates are two kinds of vocs. (hydrocarbons / carbo-nitrides)
10、the main substances destroying the ozone layer are .(chlorobromocarbons / chlorofluorocarbons)
11、the wavelength range of uv-b is .(280 nm-320 nm / 320 nm-360 nm)
12、although ozone is a pollutant in the , it is very necessary for the health of atmosphere of the earth in the stratosphere. (troposphere / stratosphere)
13、the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of earth contains .(list 3 kinds)
14、the reason of global warming is the earth's has been changed.(energy balance / ecological balance)
15、generally, the ph value of normal rain is 5-6. however, the ph value of acid rain is .(1-3 / 3-5)
16、the method to solve the acid rain problem is the threat of acid rain. (avoiding / neutralizing)
17、generally, the acid rain can damage stone statues, trees and forests. it can corrode as well.(plastics / metals)
18、in order to reduce so2 emission, the most effective way is of the coals. (desulfurization / burning)
19、the three kinds of coal desulfurization process are oxidative desulfurization, reduction desulfurization and . (physical desulfurization / biological desulfurization)
20、in the process of burning, we use the method for the desulfurization of the coals. (biological / chemical)
smog，photochemical smog，global warming1、please talk about the sources of natural and artificial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs).
2、please discuss how to reduce the greenhouse effect.
3、why we can say green transport is a good way to stop global warming?
4、please talk about the main classification of volatile organic compounds
第一章 environmental security，green chemistry1.1 environmental security随堂测验1、1. one of the meaning of (environmental security /sustainable development) is a way of using natural products so that no damage is caused to the environment.
2、2. the united nations first propose the concept of "sustainable development" in the magazine .(《our good future》/《our common future》)
3、3. opportunities for ² ² (environmental peace making /environmental peace conference) that may arise out of common interests among different countries and communities in safeguarding resources.
1.2 what is green chemistry？随堂测验1、1. (environmental security/green chemistry) is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.
2、2. (2012/2011) is the international year of chemistry.
3、3. the international year of chemistry was established to demonstrate . (the contribution of chemistry to mankind / the contribution of chemistry to environment)
1.3 environmental awareness随堂测验1、1. (reproduction, reuse and recycle / reduce, reuse and recycle) are the three methods to embody environmental consciousness in daily life.
2、2. (the washington accord / the boston accord) is an international agreement between bodies responsible for accrediting engineering degree programs.
3、3. the time of 9th world engineering education forum 2019 is . (november 13-16th / december 13-16th)
1.4 earth day随堂测验1、the earth day begins at the year of . (2009/2010)
2、2. (the cultivation of environmental awareness / the cultivation of green chemistry) is a long-term and effective way to solve environmental problems.
3、3. both of the earth day and the world environment day are original from (1980s / 1970s).
environmental security，green chemistry1、the impact of environmental change on , which may emerge from situations of resource and overuse of resources. (food shortage /conflict formation)
2、tensions can also arise out of a context of contested , such as oil production, mining.(money /resource wealth)
3、there is now growing recognition of the important inter-connections between . (resourse shortage and economic development / environment security and sustainable development)
4、(reduce pollution and zero emission / reduce pollution and decrease emission) are two important thoughts in the concept of green chemistry.
5、chemistry is a process of constantly creating .(new crystal, production and materials / new molecules, substances and materials)
6、the topic of 9th world engineering education forum 2019 is disruptive engineer education for . (environmental security / sustainable development)
7、the benefits of reducing the waste food are saving money, reducing emissions and conserving energy and resources. (ethylene / methane)
8、(april 24th /april 22ed) is the earth day every year?
9、the purpose of establishment of the earth day is to enhance and cultivate citizens' .(self-protection / environmental awareness)
10、the time of the world environment day is at every year. (june 5th / july 5th)
11、another activities of cultivating citizens' environmental awareness is the . (world ocean day / world environment day)
12、the topic of the world environment day in 2018 is . (water pollution / plastic pollution)
environmental security，green chemistry1、what are the ideals of green chemistry?
2、please list some goods that can be recycled.
3、please give a definition of recycling.
4、please imagine what the the purpose of establishment of world ocean day is.
第三章 the structure and properties of water, water pollution3.1 water随堂测验1、1. the un decade for action of "water for life" is in the year of .(2005-2015 / 2000-2010)
2、2. the name of the website for the water environment problem established by china is .(www.hzo.china.com / www.hzo.china.net)
3、3. oceans account for of the earth's water resources.(87.4% / 97.4%)
3.2 the structure of water随堂测验1、1. the of water results in the unusual properties of water. (application / structure)
2、2. water is a very good solvent for many kinds of substance. (dissolving / solidification)
3、3. there is one kind of interaction called between water molecule. (hydrogen bonding / covalent bonding)
3.3 the important roles of water随堂测验1、1. water is essential in ,which produce glucose and oxygen for living things in the earth. (photophysics / photosynthesis)
2、2. the three components of water cycle is precipitation, runoff and . (solidification / evaporation)
3、3. will introduce or bring the pollutions into water environment. (human activities / animal activities)
3.4 what are the main types of water pollution随堂测验1、1. pollution comes from a single well define place such as the pipe. (non-point source / point source)
2、2. is susceptible to a wide variety of point and nonpoint pollution sources. (ground water / surface water)
3、3. contains all kinds of other chemicals from the pharmaceutical drugs, viruses, papers, and plastic. (sewage / stones)
3.5 chemical waste随堂测验1、1. polychlorinated have already been widely used to manufacture electronic circuit boards. (biphenyl / phenyl)
2、2. is main source of radioactive pollution from nuclear power plants. (x-ray / radioactive waste)
3、3. is one of the most common materials used for making virtually every kind of manufactured object from clothing to automobile parts. (plastic / metal)
the structure and properties of water, water pollution1、the name of the website for the water environment problem established by united nations is . (www.unwater.org / www.water.org)
2、the most obvious type of water pollution is water pollution. (surface / deep)
3、pure drinking water contains some , not only h2o. (heavy metals / mineral)
4、the specific heat capacity of water is j/(g×℃). (6.814 / 4.184)
5、of water is almost the largest among all the liquids (except mercurg). (surface tension / density)
6、geometry of the basic unit of the extended hydrogen bonding structures in ice is . (tetrahedron / octahedron)
7、meteorological conditions, geographical conditions and are the three factors affecting water cycles. (human activities / chemicophysical conditions)
8、the development of agriculture or deforestation can lead to changes in , infiltration, runoff etc. (solidification / water evaporation)
9、the expression of 4 types of concentration in water solution are percentage, , parts per billion and molarity. (parts per thousand / parts per million)
10、the main types of water pollution are two kinds, which are point source and pollution. (general sourse / nonpoint source)
11、atmospheric deposition industrial waste water, sewage and solid waste disposal sites are the main sources of pollution. (water / soil)
12、affects people immediate environments and leads to water related illnesses.(sewage disposal / processing waste gases)
13、another kind of toxic pollution comes from , such as lead cadmium and mercury. (light metals / heavy metals)
14、most plastics are not they don’t break down naturally in the environment. (chemdegradable / biodegradable)
the structure and properties of water, water pollution1、please list some of the chemical waste.
2、please discuss what is water pollution.
3、please list the main physiochemical properties of persistent organic pollutants.
4、please list the important role of water.
第四章 urbanization, soil erosion，solid waster4.1 land pollution-1随堂测验1、the cases of land pollution are , miming, atmospheric deposition, chemical or waste. (ruralization / urbanization)
2、the result of urbanization is the proportion of the population in urban areas. (decreasing / increasing)
3、global urban population is growing at rapid rate of at 2001. (20% / 40%)
4.2 land pollution-2随堂测验1、the opencast diamond ores also will lead to the pollution except land pollution. (air / water)
2、mining is the most common mining type. (surface / underground)
3、washing will deeply pollute the land. (ferrum / gold)
4.3 classification of waster随堂测验1、is the most preferable idea of biodegradation recycling. (prevention / governance)
2、transformation of waste to is the most effective way of recovery. (resource / energy)
3、the waster includes construction and demolition waster, dirt, rocks, debris. (inert / active)
4.4 waste disposa随堂测验1、can be used to generate energy. (municipal liquid waste / municipal solid waste)
2、different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source of collection. (separating / combinating)
3、reusing (recycle), and combustion energy generation are the three ways of waste disposal. (landfill / throw)
4.5 garbage incineration power plant随堂测验1、one of the results of releasing heat is generating . (chemical energy / electricity)
2、is very toxic, which can cause cancer and damage to the immune system. (dichloromethane / dioxins)
3、the temperature of environmentally-kind garbage incineration is around °c. (1000 / 500)
urbanization, soil erosion，solid waster1、which of the following option is not the land pollution ?
a、solid waste
b、waste disposal
c、food waste
d、--
2、normally, urbanization is directly associated with innovation, industrialization and the
a、natural
b、sociological
c、artificial
d、--
3、global urban population is growing to the rate of at 2020.
a、20%
b、40%
c、60%
d、--
4、what is the average foresting rate of the world in 2011 with respect to 1990？
a、～90%
b、～70%
c、～50%
d、--
5、the opencast diamond ores also will lead to the pollution except land pollution.
a、water
b、food
c、air
d、--
6、metallurgical process is a process of reaction.
a、organic
b、physical
c、chemical
d、--
7、soil erosion turns field into .
a、steppe
b、deserts
c、debris flow
d、--
8、which of the following waster is not the typical classification of waster？
a、biodegradable wasters
b、dry waster
c、the waster of electrical and electronic
d、--
9、as to product, includes reusing, remanufacturing, reconditioning, repairing and repurposing.
a、recovery
b、recycling
c、reuse
d、--
10、the waster includes chemicals, batteries, electrical appliances and fertilizers.
a、inert
b、hazard
c、toxic
d、--
11、the waster contains pesticides, herbicides and fungicides.
a、inert
b、hazard
c、toxic
d、--
12、the most of the waste is called which is relatively harmless and easy to dispose of.
a、general waste
b、incinerator
c、ash hazardous
d、--
13、about of the waste is dangerous or toxic and extremely difficult to treatment and become land pollutants.
a、10%
b、20%
c、30%
d、--
14、will result in the hazards to public health or safety such as the problems of and the contamination of ground water.
a、reusing
b、land filling
c、combustion energy generation
d、--
15、ningbo yinzhou domestic waste incineration power plant can generate about kwh electric energy annually.
a、260 million
b、260 billion
c、260 thousand
d、--
16、waste incineration power generation is a kind of high temperature thermochemical treatment technology for municipal solid waste (msw) at high temperature in the range of °c generally.
a、600-800
b、850-1100
c、1200-1500
d、--
urbanization, soil erosion，solid waster1、what is urbanization?
2、please talk about the high level and low level radioactive comes from.
3、please discusses the principle of garbage incineration power plant.
4、please explain the concept of agricultural chemicals.
第六章 the basic components of food, metabolism6.1 water, food and energy随堂测验1、the water food energy correlation is central to . (green chemistry /sustainable development)
2、is the largest consumer of the world's freshwater resources. (agriculture / industry)
3、, antioxidization and swelling agent nutrient supplement are the types of food additives. (seasoning / desiccating agent)
6.2 carbohydrates随堂测验1、are molecules of carbon, oxygen produced by plants though photosynthesis. (carbohydrates / nitrohydrates)
2、honey is a mixture of the monosaccharide and fructose. (saccharose / glucose)
3、such as sucrose consists of two chemically bonded monosaccharide which are cleaved during digestion. (disaccharides / polysaccharose)
6.3 lipids随堂测验1、fats and are 2 important of lipids. (steroids / cellulose)
2、fats are used for and insulation. (energy / strength)
3、steroids contain carbon rings. (five / four)
6.4 proteins随堂测验1、proteins are large polymeric biomolecules made of monomer unit called . (amino acids / nucleotide)
2、the group are different from each other by chemical identity. (main / side)
3、protein is a which has biological function. (dipeptide / polypeptide)
6.5 vitamin and minerals随堂测验1、all minerals are compounds of various elements. (covalent / ionic)
2、minerals are the amounts minerals we ingest daily that are measured in milligrams. (trace / amount)
3、the , is the energy packed compound which is the direct source of energy for the most of the energy requiring processes in the body. (adp / atp)
6.6 metabolism随堂测验1、metabolism is the of biomolecules through the body. (degradation / cycling)
2、is a process that the body burn the molecular component from their foods for their energy content. (cell growth / cell respiration)
3、the process that the foods become the component molecules in our body is . (digestion / absorption)
the basic components of food, metabolism1、the produced by the catabolism process can form body heat and nerve impulses via atp transportation.
a、chemical energy
b、mechanical energy
c、biological energy
d、--
2、which of the following option is not belong to the metabolism?
a、catabolism
b、redoxbolism
c、anabolism
d、--
3、which of the following option is water soluble vitamin?
a、vitamin a
b、vitamin b
c、vitamin e
d、--
4、the deficiency syndrome of vitamin a is .
a、weak bone
b、diminished hemoglobin
c、night blindness
d、--
5、minerals are chemical.
a、inorganic
b、organic
c、coordinate
d、--
6、vitamins are chemical.
a、inorganic
b、organic
c、coordinate
d、--
7、amino acid are linked together by bonds.
a、coordinate
b、hydrogen
c、peptide
d、--
8、there are amino acid that are the building block of proteins.
a、20
b、50
c、200
d、--
9、proteins are polymers of .
a、amino acids
b、nucleotides
c、acrylic acid
d、--
10、unsaturated fats are typically at room temperature.
a、gas
b、liquid
c、solid
d、--
11、a typical fat molecule is combination of one glycerol unit and fatty acid molecules.
a、two
b、three
c、four
d、--
12、fatty acid is a long chain hydrocarbon terminating in group.
a、aldehyde
b、ester
c、carboxylic acid
d、--
13、lipids are a broad class of .
a、macromolecules
b、biomolecules
c、micromolecules
d、--
14、which of the following option is polysacchoride?
a、starch
b、lactose
c、sucrose
d、--
15、monosaccharides are the monomers that link to form the biomolecular polymers called .
a、polysaccharides
b、disaccharides
c、lactoses
d、--
16、glucose is a six-membered ring and fructose is a membered ring.
a、six
b、four
c、five
d、--
17、carbohydrates are molecules of carbon, oxygen produced by plants though .
a、photothermal
b、photoelectric
c、photosynthesis
d、--
18、there are kinds of food additives commonly used in the world.
a、4000
b、400
c、40
d、--
19、there are no modern industry without food additives.
a、fruit
b、vegetable
c、food
d、--
20、more than of the energy used globally is expended on food production and supply.
a、one quarter
b、one third
c、one fifth
d、--
the basic components of food, metabolism1、what are the advantage and disadvantage of the food additives?
2、please talk about the metabolism process in the human bodies.
3、what are the difference of starch and cellulose in structures and functions?
4、please talk about the relationship between the food and environment briefly.
第五章 the variety of energy5.1 energy conservation and consumption随堂测验1、1 calorie = joule. (3.134 / 4.189)
2、is a unit to express the energy. (joule / watt)
3、energy conservation and is the nature of the energy. (increasing / consumption)
5.2 the variety of energy随堂测验1、petroleum is also called black . (liquid gold / liquid silver)
2、the carbon element of coal is by mass. (65% / 85%)
3、fossil fuels are formed in the high temperature and high earth “reactor” over millions of years when plants and animal die. (humidity / pressure)
5.3 petroleum refinery随堂测验1、is a purification or separation process in which a solution is heated to its boiling point and the vapors are condensed and collected. (centrifugation / distillation)
2、the has become a symbol of the petroleum industry. (oil extraction / oil refinery)
3、crude oil must be and then can be used. (refined / extracted)
5.4 electricity is a convenient form of energy随堂测验1、heat energy and energy are the middle processes of energy transformation in an electric power plant. (chemical / mechanical)
2、fossil fuel is a widely used but energy source. (non-renewable / renewable)
3、deposits are not distributed evenly throughout the world. (fossil fuel / bioenergy)
5.5 the variety of energy - nuclear power-1随堂测验1、nuclear energy comes from the of the atomic nucleus. (radioactivity / explosiveness)
2、three major products of radioactivity are alpha, beta and rays. (gamma / delta)
3、radioactivity is a term to described the tendency of these elements to emit . (fluorescence /radiation)
5.6 the variety of energy - nuclear power-2随堂测验1、the change of one element to another is called . (transmission / transmutation)
2、in atom, the nuclear force is very important for stabilize the atomic nucleus. (strong / weak)
3、radioactivity results from an of forces in the nucleus. (imbalance / balance)
5.7 the shorter the half-life, the greater the radioactivity随堂测验1、carbon-14 dating is a process enable us to probe as much as years into past. (500 / 5000)
2、the radioactivity is measured in terms of a characteristic time the half life. (decay rate / increasing rate)
3、the shorter the half life, the the radioactivity. (smaller / greater)
5.8 the type of unclear reaction随堂测验1、reaction is the mechanism of nuclear fission reaction. (chain / cycle)
2、among the two type of nuclear reaction, the mechanism of nuclear has not been understood. (fission / fusion)
3、nuclear and nuclear fusion are two types of nuclear reaction. (fission / frustration)
5.9 solar energy随堂测验1、photovoltaic power generation equipment is mainly composed of , controllers and inverters. (solar cells / solar panels)
2、thermal power generation and power generation are the two ways to converted in to electricity (photovoltaic / photosynthesis)
3、the most fundamental energy on the earth is energy. (solar / windy)
5.10 the application of solar cell随堂测验1、solar cell has wide applications in many areas because it can transfer solar energy directly to . (chemical power / electricity)
2、in the domestic solar energy field the small power supply ranging from w. (100 to 1000 / 10 to 100)
3、the photovoltaic station can produce kw electricity power. please discuss the application of solar energy. (10-50 / 50-100)
5.11 the applications of solar cell随堂测验1、is the most important energy conversation from for human and other living thing. (photosynthesis / photovoltaic)
2、photosynthesis is a chemical process through which plants, some protists and bacteria produce and oxygen from carbon dioxide using only light as source of energy. (fructose / glucose)
3、the glucose, an energy , help trees and plant to survive and grow. (producer / unit)
5.12 biomass energy随堂测验1、refers to a variety of organisms formed by photosynthesis including all animals and plant and microorganisms. (biomass / bioenergy)
2、biomass energy is a source of energy. (renewable / non-renewable)
3、biomass is the only new energy that can replace fuel on a large scale. (coal / petroleum)
5.13 clean energy - hydrogen随堂测验1、expect for nuclear fuel, hydrogen has highest value of all fossil fuels chemical fuels and biofuels. (calorific / exothermic)
2、is a clean and renewable energy. (oxygen / hydrogen)
3、replacing coal and with hydrogen doesn't required major modification of existing technology and equipment. (petroleum / natural gas)
5.14 electrochemical cells-1随堂测验1、the maximum potential difference which the cell can produce called force. (electromotive / automatic)
2、in the reaction zn(s) 2h (aq) → zn2 (aq) h2(g), zn(s) is the agent. (reducing / oxydic)
3、the galvanic cell is the cell. (high-level / primary)
5.15 electrochemical cells-2随堂测验1、reduction potential is the voltage associated with a reduction reaction at electrode when all solutes are 1m and all gases are 1 atm. (improper / standard)
2、the standard emf is the expression of e0cell = . (e0anode - e0cathode / e0cathode -e0anode)
3、the more the e0 is, the greater the tendency for the substance to be reduced. (positive / negative)
5.16 the type of electrochemical cell随堂测验1、primary cells, secondary cells and cells are three types of cells and batteries. (fuel / solar)
2、cells can be rechargeable. (dry / secondary)
3、the most common secondary cell is battery. (primary / lead storage)
the variety of energy1、the anode of lead storage battery is .
a、lead
b、lead(iv) coated with lead dioxide
c、sulphuric acid
d、--
2、what is the anode reaction of mercury batteries?
a、zn(hg) 2oh-(aq) → zno(s) h2o 2e-
b、hgo(s) h2o(l) 2e- → hg(l) 2oh-(aq)
c、zn(hg) hgo(s) → zno(s) hg(l)
d、--
3、the secondary cells are those which can be .
a、rechargeable
b、non-rechargeable
c、used only two times
d、--
4、galvanic cells belong to .
a、primary cells
b、secondary cells
c、fuel cells
d、--
5、in the galvanic cell based on zn(s) 2h (1m) → zn2 (1m) h2 (1atm), what is the cathode reaction?
a、zn(s) - 2e- → zn(aq).
b、2h (aq) 2e- → h2 (1atm).
c、2h (1m) → zn2 (1m) h2 (1atm).
d、--
6、scientists set the standard reduction potential (e0) equals to .
a、1v
b、0v
c、0.1v
d、--
7、is the common used the unit of energy, for example, food.
a、joule
b、watt
c、calorie
d、--
8、energy conservation and consumption is the first law of thermodynamics.
a、first
b、second
c、third
d、--
9、in the order to guarantee the increasing energy consumption, our society should explore new energy .
a、applications
b、resources
c、use
d、--
10、in the reaction, if the energy of molecules of reactant is the product it will given off energy heat.
a、greater than
b、equal to
c、lower than
d、--
11、the coals, oil and natural gases are called .
a、fossil fuels
b、newer fuels
c、newer energy
d、--
12、buring 1 gram coal releases about energy.
a、30 kj
b、10 kj
c、50 kj
d、--
13、coal is a main energy sources of the world.
a、1000 years ago
b、at present
c、in the future
d、--
14、in usa, 5% of the world's population consume of the oil produced worldwide.
a、25%
b、50%
c、75%
d、--
15、petroleum is a complex mixture with of different compounds.
a、hundreds
b、millions
c、thousands
d、--
16、the main component of petroleum is .
a、carbon oxides
b、hydrocarbons
c、hydronitrogens
d、--
17、heavy molecules need higher temperature to overcome their stronger .
a、ionic bonds
b、covalent bonds
c、intermolecular forces
d、--
18、natural gas is primarily .
a、ethane
b、propane
c、methane
d、--
19、fossil fuel contains ① coal; ② petroleum; ③ natural gas; ④ combustible ice.
a、①, ②；
b、②, ④；
c、①, ②, ③, ④.
d、--
20、where did the flammable ice come from?
a、river bottom;
b、ocean bottom；
c、mountain top.
d、--
21、the function of a hydropower station is to .
a、convert potential energy into electric energy;
b、convert electric energy into potential energy；
c、convert water energy into electric energy.
d、--
22、alpha-rays can't pass through materials.
a、air
b、lead metal
c、oxygen
d、--
23、trance are used in the medicine for the diagnosis of internal disorders the technology called as .
a、physical imaging;
b、chemical imaging；
c、medical imaging.
d、--
24、the most easily blocked radiation is .
a、alpha ray
b、beta ray
c、gamma ray
d、--
25、exists between nucleons when they are.
a、attracting strong nuclear force
b、repulsive strong nuclear force
c、attracting weak nuclear force
d、--
26、nucleons on opposite sides of a large nucleus are not as close to one another, and so the attractive strong nuclear forces holding them together are .
a、much stronger
b、equal
c、much weaker
d、--
27、the optimum proton to neutron ratios is when the strong nuclear force is largest.
a、1:1
b、1:1.4
c、1:2
d、--
28、the half life of a radioactivity material is the time required for of the radioactive atoms decay.
a、a quarter
b、one thirds
c、half
d、--
29、the half life of carbon-14 is. .
a、5730 years
b、5.0 days
c、4.5´109 years
d、--
30、which of the following isotopic elements can be generally used in the scientific research?
a、carbon-14
b、bismuth-120
c、polonium-214
d、--
31、which of the following isotopic elements can be used to measure the age of materials?
a、carbon-14
b、bismuth-120
c、polonium-214
d、--
32、which country use nuclear reaction to generate electricity widely.
a、france
b、china
c、kazakhstan
d、--
33、nuclear fusion will release nuclear fission.
a、equal energy to
b、more energy than
c、less energy than
d、--
34、if controlled slowly release in the nuclear fission reaction the nuclear energy can be transferred to .
a、wind energy
b、solar energy
c、electricity
d、--
35、the energy that the sun radiates to the earth's surfaces every is 50 ´1018 kj which is times the current energy consumption in the world.
a、130
b、1300
c、13000
d、--
36、which of the following energy doesn't come from solar energy？
a、wind energy
b、biological energy
c、nuclear energy
d、--
37、the energy that the sun radiates to earth every is equivalent to the sum of all the fossil fuel energy of the energy.
a、one day
b、three days
c、one months
d、--
38、photothermal conversation, photoelectric conversation and conversation are three ways for human to use solar energy.
a、photochemical
b、photophysical
c、photobiological
d、--
39、the materials of solar cells are mainly materials.
a、conductor
b、insulator
c、semiconductor
d、--
40、in the transportation field which is not from the application of solar cell?
a、traffic light
b、highway wireless telephone
c、the engines of buses
d、--
41、in the communication field, which is not from the application of solar cell?
a、microwave relay station
b、optical cable maintenance
c、wired telephone
d、--
42、in petroleum marine and meteorological field, the application of solar energy can be used in
a、oil drilling platform power supply.
b、marine testing equipment.
c、a and b.
d、--
43、photosynthesis is a kind of conversation.
a、photothermal
b、photoelectric
c、photochemical
d、--
44、photosynthesis is a chemical process through which plants, some protists and bacteria produce glucose and from carbon dioxide using only light as source of energy.
a、nitrogen
b、oxygen
c、hydrogen
d、--
45、photosynthesis can be decomposed water molecule into h2 and o2 by catalysts.
a、artificial
b、natural
c、controlled
d、--
46、the biomass energy is the solar energy stored in biomass in the form of energy though photosynthesis directly or indirectly.
a、chemical
b、mechanical
c、thermal
d、--
47、according to the properties of biomass, the biomass energy can be divided into saccharides, starch and cellulose substances.
a、chemical
b、mechanical
c、biological
d、--
48、less than of biomass energy produced by photosynthesis in earth has been used.
a、1%
b、3%
c、10%
d、--
49、biomass energy produced mainly in the process of burning.
a、no2
b、so2
c、co2
d、--
50、for the hydrogen energy, the following problems need to be solved？
a、hydrogen production cheaply
b、hydrogen storage safely
c、a and b
d、--
51、hydrogen has the best conductivity.
a、thermal
b、electric
c、magnetic
d、--
52、hydrogen is the most common element in the nature of the mass of the universe.
a、75%
b、60%
c、40%
d、--
53、replacing coal and with hydrogen doesn't required major modification of existing technology and equipment.
a、nuclear energy
b、petroleum
c、wind energy
d、--
54、the electrochemical cells can convert into .
a、chemical, electric
b、electric, chemical
c、mechanical, electric
d、--
55、electricity is the most form of energy to use.
a、unusual
b、expensive
c、convenient
d、--
56、each half cell has a tendency to electrons from other.
a、accept
b、give
c、refuse
d、--
the variety of energy1、please discuss the safety of nuclear station.
2、please talk about the resources of biomass energy.
3、why the size of the nucleus is limited?
4、what are the future of new energy?
5、please discuss some drawbacks of coal.
期末考试environmental security and green chemistry1、the international year of chemistry is ( ).
a、2012
b、2013
c、2011
d、2014
2、the gas with maximum percentage in the atmosphere is ( ).
a、nitrogen
b、hydrogen
c、oxygen
d、carbon dioxide
3、the wavelength range of uv-a is ( ).
a、400 nm-600 nm
b、400nm-700nm
c、200nm-400nm
d、320 nm-400 nm
4、it is generally believed that the main reason for the formation of acid rain in china is that ( ) and other acidic gases enter the atmosphere and gradually form acidic precipitation with ph < 5 and 6.
a、chlorofluorocarbon
b、carbon dioxide
c、sulfur dioxide
d、hydrochloric acid
5、the earth day begins at the year of ( )
a、2008
b、2009
c、2010
d、2011
6、ozone is a kind of sky blue, smelly gas, the ozone layer in the atmosphere stratosphere can absorb and filter a lot of ( ) in the sunlight, effectively protect the survival of life on earth.
a、ultraviolet
b、infrared
c、visible
d、heat
7、which of the following is not a greenhouse gas ( ).
a、h2o
b、co2
c、no2
d、n2
8、( ) symptom can you produce if vitamin e is deficient in human body.
a、diminished hemoglobin
b、night blindness
c、weak bones
d、scurvy
9、which of the following statements is the common characteristic of starch, cellulose, and glycogen( )
a、they're all things that store energy in cells
b、all contain c, h, o and n
c、its monomers are all glucose
d、it's all reducing sugar
10、the following food additives are not antioxidant（ ）
a、benzaldehyde
b、sorbic acid
c、p-hydroxybenzoate
d、calcium lactate
11、there are three ways for human to use solar energy ( ).
a、light conversion
b、photothermal conversion
c、photoelectric conversion
d、photochemical conversion
12、which of the following are traditional sources of energy( ).
a、coal
b、oil
c、petroleum
d、hydrogen energy
13、the following types of garbage are hazard waster ( ).
a、chemicals
b、batteries
c、debris
d、fertilizers
14、the causes of soil pollution are as follows ( ).
a、urbanization
b、mining
c、atmospheric deposition
d、chemicals or waste
15、( ) is non-renewable energy.
a、coal
b、oil
c、natural gas
d、solar energy
16、fatty acid is a long-chain hydrocarbon terminating in carboxylic acid group.
17、there can be no modern food industry without food additives.
18、the more positive e0, the greater the tendency for the substance to be reduced.
19、secondary batteries are the reactants are continuously applied from outside while the cell is in use.
20、wind energy, biological, ocean energy come from solar energy.
21、except for nuclear fuel, hydrogen has the highest calorific value of all fossil fuels, chemical fuels and biofuels, three times that of gasoline.
22、in a broad sense, biomass energy is also a form of solar energy.
23、fossil fuel are a widely used but limited energy source.
24、the longer the half-life, the stronger the radioactivity.
25、biomass energy is not universal and accessible.
26、one of the meaning of (environmental security/ sustainable development) is a way of using natural products so that no damage is caused to the environment.
27、(chemical industry/ green chemistry) is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.
28、reduce, reuse and (recycle/reabsorb) are the three methods to embody environmental consciousness in daily life.
29、each of the cloud droplets forms on a particle and scientists call a collection of particles an (lyosol/ aerosol).
30、the three components of water cycle is precipitation, runoff and (evaporation /desublimation).
31、(radioactive water/ radioactive waste ) is main source of radioactive pollution from nuclear power plants.
32、proteins are large polymeric biomolecules made of monomer units called (nucleotide/ amino acids).
33、(carbohydrates/axunge) are molecules of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen produced by plants through photosynthesis.
34、there are 3 types of cells and batteries: primary cells, secondary cells, (fuel cells / recharging cells).
35、three major products of radioactivity are (alpha/first), beta, and gamma rays.
environmental security and green chemistry1、what is the environmental pollution faced by human beings in the 21st century?
2、what can green chemistry be described as?
3、why the size of the nucleus is limited?
4、what causes the greenhouse effect? what harm does the greenhouse effect do?
5、please write down the battery expression when the lead battery is charged and write down the positive, negative and total reactions of the lead-battery charging reaction.
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